Is it possible to show risk Impact, Probability, and/or Exposure in issue searches? Yes, you can add those custom fields as columns in search results.

Step-by-step guide

Use JIRA's issue navigator to search for issues of type "Risk".
Switch to the List View (use the view drop-down to the right of the query bar.
Click the Columns button
Check the box next to the Impact, Probability, and Exposure custom fields. You can search for those terms within the column selection box.
Click Done.
Drag columns left and right to change the column ordering.

The column selection box

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